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Indian Politics: Recent Developments (Class 12 Political Science Notes)

 Indian Politics: Recent Developments Following independence, India witnessed a political system characterized by long-standing one-party dominance. In the initial decades, the Congress party’s influence on Indian politics was so profound that the era came to be known as the "Congress System." The 1990s marked a period of transformation for Indian democracy. During this time, no single party secured a clear majority at the national level, ushering in the era of coalition governments. This period also witnessed significant shifts, including the politics of social justice, the rise of regional parties, economic liberalization, and the emergence of a new political consensus. These transformations in Indian politics made democracy more participatory and multifaceted. Simultaneously, the political participation of various states and social groups became significantly stronger than before. The 1990s: A Period of Transformation in Indian Politics The 1990s are considered a watershed...

Elections and Representation – Class 11 Political Science Notes

Elections are the most significant feature of a democratic system of governance. An election is the process through which citizens select their representatives. In a democracy, the ultimate power of governance rests with the people, who form the government by exercising their right to vote. Without regular, free, and fair elections, it would be impossible to accurately represent the will of the people. Therefore, elections are considered the cornerstone of democracy. The Importance of Elections in a Democracy Citizens get the opportunity to participate in governance. The legitimacy of the government is established. The public holds the government accountable. A peaceful transfer of power becomes possible. Various political parties get the opportunity to present their policies to the public. Citizens' fundamental political rights are protected. Key features of the election All eligible citizens should have the right to vote. Elections should be held at regular intervals. Voters shou...